Age Discrimination in the Public Sector Essay - 3256 Words

Age Discrimination in the Public Sector My topic of discussion will consist of an analysis on the subject of Age discrimination. Age discrimination generally is discriminating on the basis of age, which is illegal under the Federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA). Age discrimination has some special aspects that make it different from other types of employment discrimination. My research will discuss this more in detail. Included will be several court decisions of great importance, the history of the Age Discrimination Statute, and other important data in regards to Age discrimination. Also there is information included on how to file a complaint with the†¦show more content†¦The article can be found at the following site: http://www.clem.mscd.edu/~steinhas/minimizing.html. â€Å"Sketchy evidence that older workers experience discrimination because of their age is easy to find. The popular press includes many stories of individual employees who have been replaced by younger workers, sometimes just before they become eligible for lucrative retirement benefits. Older workers (in the past) were forced by mandatory retirement provisions to leave their jobs before they would otherwise have chosen to retire. Others who remain on the job claim that they confront hostile work environments or are demoted to less remunerative positions, with their age being the big factor. Concern by policymakers over these types of incidents prompted Congress to enact the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) in 1968, which outlawed discrimination in the workplace against workers between the ages of 40 and 65. Later amendments prohibited mandatory retirement before the age of 70 in 1978 (and then outlawed mandatory retirement altogether with a few exceptions) in 1986. During 1990, 10,485 complaints of age discrimination were filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.† 1 (Johnson and Neumark, pg. 779 , 1996 ) Age discrimination has some special aspects that make it different from other types of employment discrimination. I will also discuss a few. Included will be several court decisions on casesShow MoreRelatedHarrassment Is an Example of Discrinimation in Employment Essay example821 Words   |  4 PagesJob Discrimination by definition is the practice of using an individuals race, color, national origin, sex, or religion to make employment decisions related to hiring, firing, compensation, evaluations, promotions, and training. There is a lot of discrimination in employment and the example of discrimination that occur is Harassment. Harassment Sexual harassment is one of the most heard in the workplace and usually it occur when employees are subjected to unwanted and unwelcome treatment due toRead MoreEssay on Diploma Level 3644 Words   |  3 Pageseach criteria, please 1.1 List the aspects of employment covered by law * Minimum wage * Hours worked * Discrimination * Health and safety * Holiday entitlements * Redundancy and dismissal * Training * Disciplinary procedures * Union rights and consultation, etc. 1.2 List the main features of current employment legislation *Equalities * Employment rights *  Discrimination law *  Health and safety legislation 1.3 Outline why legislation relating to employment exists LegislationRead MoreEurope s Gender Pay Gap And The Factors Affecting The Gap1346 Words   |  6 Pages women are paid an average of 16% less per hour than men in European countries. As a result of this wage gap, women earn much less than men over their lifetimes. This causes for lower pensions as well as a risk for poverty once a woman reaches old age. In 2012 alone, 21.7% of women aged 65 and over were at a high risk for poverty due to their pay. This is significantly less than the 16.3% of men aged 65 and over who were at a high risk for poverty (EU Commission, 2014, p. 2). One of the reasonsRead MoreGender Discrimination And Its Impact On Society1231 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant to think about the causes of such outcomes, for example the use of discrimination. This divides people simply based on their race, sex, age and even gender, often making it hard to grab certain opportunities. Discrimination, in one way or another, then becomes the stem of inequalities in certain areas - such as the workplace. Specifically for the female population in several countries. Gender discrimination has been documented in many cases around the world, notable situations such womenRead MoreDiscrimination and Single Equality Scheme804 Words   |  4 Pagesoverleaf Marker and IV signature (IV if sampled) must be signed on the following page. Ann Gravells states the importance of keeping uptodate with legislation and codes of practise in Preparing to Teach in the LifeLong Learning Sector. According to Gravells it is important to do so â€Å"to ensure you are remaining current with your knowledge and practise, and any changes or updates that have taken place.† I comply with various generic legislation and codes of practise which relateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641581 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, almost every employee is to protected under federal employment and anti-discrimination laws. These laws make it unlawful to discriminate against a variety of groups that have historically been subjugated to unfair treatment. The major federal anti-discrimination law is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law prevents discrimination on the basis of race/color, sex, religion, or national origin. It also prohibits retaliation against an employee for asserting theirRead MoreThe United States Should Pass New Laws To Prevent Discrimination704 Words   |  3 Pages The united states should pass new laws to prevent discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender citizens because along with degrading discrimination socially, politically, and economically through history based on sexual orientation, the y face verbal abuse, and other hate crimes in every aspect of their lives which it is against the declaration of independence and constitution. 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(http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) Prejudice against lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transsexuals (otherwise known as LGBT people) remain widespread in American society. LGBT people have always been a target for discrimination. Like other forms of prejudice, this discrimination is basedRead MoreHunter V Student Awards Agency For Scotland1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Judicial Review) case against the decision of the Student Awards Agency for Scotland (â€Å"SAAS†).MS Elizabeth Hunter (56) was refused a student loan on the grounds of age limit which was set (55) years in Education (Student Loan) (Scotland) Regulations of 2007 (â€Å"2007 Regulation†) reg.3 (2) (b) (ii) . Which says â€Å"aged 50 or over and under the age of 55 on that day and Scottish Ministers are satisfied that person intends to enter employment after completion of the course†. MS Hunter petitioned for judicial

Indigenous Bilingual Education Programs in Australia

Introduction Despite Australia’s ever-growing multiculturalism, it has been found that ‘monolingualism is extraordinarily common in Australia throughout the general population and all occupational levels (Bostock, 1973).’ With such an array of cultures present, one would assume that Australian education systems would have endless bilingual programs in place. However, this is not the case. Despite the successes of bilingual education on a global scale, little effort has been made to preserve any Australian languages, meaning that language death has become an everyday factor that Indigenous individuals have to deal with (Wurm, 1991). This paper discusses the concept of bilingual education and its faults in the transition from theory to†¦show more content†¦The positives of bilingual education have been recognised on a global scale for years. These benefits include: enabling minority cultures to maintain and develop their traditions, self-esteem and identity; improving i ntercultural communication between groups within and outside the society; enriching individuals intellectually, educationally and culturally and thus allowing ‘intergenerational communication, providing cognitive advantages, enhancing employment and career prospects and contributing to general wellbeing (Simpson 2009, p.3).’ Thus, in its broadest sense, bicultural education is the teaching of two ways of life (Harris, 1978). Bilingual Education - The Transition from Theory to Practice Despite bilingual education’s apparent successes on paper, the transition from theory to practice determines whether the program will succeed or fail. An evidential reason of why bilingual programs fail in schools, particularly in the Australian context, is that they are treated as transfer bilingual programs, rather than the maintenance model (Harris, 1978). According to Harris (1978), transfer bilingual programs are when the Indigenous language is merely implemented as an efficient way of making students literate in English inShow MoreRelatedBilingual Education Policy in Australia Concerning Indigenous Language and Associated Varieties2497 Words   |  10 PagesFrom the time the British first settled the continent to the present, the Aboriginal people of Australia and the English-speaking Australian government have had a rocky relationship. For many years, aboriginal Australians experienced much discrimination and racism. Like Native Americans in the United States, the Abor igines were displaced from their tribal lands and forced into designated settlements. 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Body What are the barriers to effective health promotion A number of refugees face problems of access to healthcare in Australia, with reasons fromRead MoreEnglish as a Medium of Instruction3396 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish as the medium of instruction in our schools. According to those who filed the petition, the push for the use of English in our classrooms will only lead to further deterioration of what?s already been described as a rather inferior quality of education. Those who support the 2003 Executive Order filed by President Arroyo on the other hand argue that doing away with English as the medium of instruction will inevitably hurt the country and our people more because they believe that a less competitive

The Baader Meinhof Gang Free Essays

The Baader Meinhof Gang, also known as the Red Army Faction, was one of the most active militant left-wing groups of postwar West Germany that gained prominence in the 1970s and 80s. Like may other radical communist groups of its time, it was formed with the objective of overthrowing social and political order to give rise to a totalitarian socialist state. Although the group described itself as a ‘Communist Urban Guerilla Group engaged in armed resistance’ its use of arms and weaponry quickly gained it the reputation of being one of the most deadly terrorist groups in Europe at that time. We will write a custom essay sample on The Baader Meinhof Gang or any similar topic only for you Order Now By the end of the 70s the group was responsible for over 30 killings and a series of bombings and kidnappings that aroused severe social and political unrest in the country. The Backdrop of Social Political Unrest The formation of the Baader Meinhof Group or Gang can be traced back to the social and political instability in West Germany in the late 1960s. As in many industrialized nations, young students and workers disillusioned with the ‘oppressive’ regimes of the capitalist government began to stage massive protests. Their objective was to fight for freedom and human rights and they brought issues such as anti-imperialism, racism and the Vietnam War to the forefront of radical politics. The ‘German student movement’ as it was later termed was fuelled by a series of events that took place in the arena of German politics. In 1956, the Communist Party of Germany was banned. Government positions were occupied by ex-Nazis resulting in anger and frustration at the ineffectiveness of de-Nazification after World War II. The media was considered biased as it was controlled by anti-radical conservatives. The mid 1960s saw the merging of the country’s two major political parties- the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SDP) and the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) to form a new government. This was referred to as the ‘grand coalition’ in Germany in 1966, with a former Nazi, Kurt Georg Kiesinger, as chancellor. This development was received with outrage from the radicals who viewed it as a collusion of capitalist power as a convenient way to block out the left-wing opposition parties. Since 95% of the Bundestag (West German Parliament) was controlled by the coalition, a new opposition party was formed called the Ausserparlamentarische Opposition (APO) or Extra Parliamentary Opposition, with the objective of carrying out political activity and protests independent of the government. The APO provided a platform for student radicals to wage resistance against the coalition and played a central role in the German student movement. What started out as peaceful demonstrations turned into violent protests on June 2, 1967 when the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, visited West Berlin. During one such demonstration outside the opera house where he was visiting, German student, Benno Ohnesorg was shot in the head and killed. The police officer responsible for the shooting was later acquitted. Outrage of the radicals led to the creation of a new militant group called ‘Movement 2 June’, named after the date of Ohnesorg’s death. Formation of The RAF It was against the backdrop of this social and political environment and the impact of Ohnesorg’s death that led to the formation of an alliance between Thorwald Proll, Horst Sohnlein, Gudrun Ensslin and Andreas Baader. Together they detonated home made bombs in several Frankfurt department stores to protest against the Vietnam War. All four were subsequently arrested on April 2, 1967 and later convicted of arson and sentenced to three years imprisonment. Three of the members including Baader and Ensslin managed to escape during a special parole for political prisoners. Baader was soon recaptured, while the remaining members fled to France and Italy and hid underground. During his stay in prison, Andreas Baader gained permission to write a book on ‘organizing young people on the fringes of society’. For this he was granted the privilege of visiting a library accompanied by uniformed armed guards. It was during one such library visit in 1970 that Baader managed to escape with the help of left-wing journalist Ulrike Meinhof. It was here that the Baader-Meinhof duo came together, referring to their alliance as the Red Army Faction. Soon after, several members of the group went to Jordan where they received training in the use of arms by a military camp run by the Palestinian Liberation Organization. The Rise of the RAF Hereafter the RAF slowly grew to become one of the most prominent left-wing militant groups in West Germany and was engaged in numerous killings, bombings and robberies in attempt to get their message across through force. It attracted members and supporters from several other radical groups across the country such as the ‘Revolutionary Cells’, ‘Movement 2 June’, the ‘Situationsists’ and the ‘Socialist Patients’ Collective’. Its rules and mission were partly modeled after a revolutionary group in Uruguay called the ‘Tupamaros Movement’ which succeeded in bringing guerilla war against imperialist oppression, under Che Guevara’s government, from rural areas to metropolitan cities. To avoid capture, most members operated under code names and carried out terrorist activities under a single contract. In June 1972, Baader was recaptured along with his accomplice Jan-Carl Raspe, followed by his girlfriend Ensslin and later Meinhof. Although kept in solitary confinement in a high security prison – Stammheim Prison in Stuggart, the group members devised a means of communicating with one another through letters delivered through their lawyers. With the core members of the group in prison, the group’s activities were taken over by a second generation of militants whose aim now was to secure the release of its leaders. This led to some of the worst terrorist attacks in the group’s history. The German Autumn On April 24, 1975, the RAF occupied the German Embassy in Stockholm where it demanded the release of its leaders in return for the freeing of hostages. When the German government refused, the RAF murdered two of the hostages. Baader and his fellow accomplices were finally put on trial in May 1975 – one of the most long drawn out and costly trials in West German history. Exactly a year later in May 1976, Ulrike Meinhof was found dead in her prison cell after an apparent suicide in which she had hung herself with a rope of towels. As the trial progressed, a number of high profile attacks took place. These involved the killing of Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback at a traffic signal, along with his driver and body guard, by two members of the RAF in April 1977. Three months later, in July 1977, Juergen Ponto, the CEO of Dresdner Bank was shot and killed outside his home in the German town of Oberursel. The following September, Hans Martin Schleyer, head of the German Association of Employers and one of the most powerful industrialists in the country, was kidnapped after his driver and bodyguards were shot dead by RAF militants. After taking Schleyer hostage, the RAF demanded the release of eleven prisoners including the leaders of the RAF at Stammheim Prison. Under the advice of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, the government decided not to accede and instead set up a crisis committee to investigate the whereabouts of Schleyer. Before the situation could be resolved, another attack took place which marked the culmination of terrorist activities associated with the RAF. This attack took place in October 1977 when Lufthansa flight 181 from Majorca to Frankfurt was hijacked by a group of Arabs who appeared to have close links with the RAF as they also demanded the release of the same prisoners as in the Schleyer case. The crisis committee again refused to give in to the hijackers demands, after which the flight captain was murdered and his body disposed of on a runway. A rescue operation was quickly put in motion led by under-secretary Hans Jurgen Wischenewski, during which the elite force of the German Federal Police were finally able to free the aircraft by shooting down all four hijackers. Shortly after, success of the rescue operation, with not a single passenger hurt, was made public by the media. The same night, three of the imprisoned RAF members – Baader, Ensslin and Raspe were found dead in their cells in what appeared to be a planned and collective suicide. The same night Schleyer was shot dead and the location of his executed body was communicated to the French press the following day. It was this string of bloody events that is frequently referred to as the German Autumn (Der Deutsche Herbst) The Downfall The ideology behind the 70s killings is still unclear and by the end of the 1970s the group’s sole objective appeared to be the release of its imprisoned leaders. The second generation of RAF members remained active in the 1980s gaining some East German support in the form of shelter and funding. The group continued to target prominent industrialists and executives and in 1985 murdered Ernst Zimmerman, CEO of a German engineering company. This was followed by a bombing at a US airforce base near Frankfurt which killed three. Seimen’s executive, Karl-Heinz Beckurts was killed by a car bomb in 1986. In 1989, Duetsche Bank chairman, Alfred Herrhausen was also killed by a car bomb planted by the RAF. As attacks continued throughout the 1980s and early 90s, the RAF attracted increasingly fewer supporters and less sympathy from the left. Its popularity quickly waned after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and after a long silence the group announced its dissolution in April 1998. References Alpert, Jane. (1987) The Baader-Meinhof Group: The Inside Story of a Phenomenon. Translated by Anthea Bell. London: Bodley Head. Becker, Jillian. (1977) Hitler’s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Katsiaficas, George. (1987) The Imagination of the New Left: A Global Analysis of 1968. Boston: Beacon Press. How to cite The Baader Meinhof Gang, Papers

Hippus Or Dolphin Fish Essay Example For Students

Hippus Or Dolphin Fish Essay Hippurus also known as Dolphin Fish, Dorado, or Mahi- Mahi. Is a large deep seafish that lives in tropical and subtropical seas. They can be found underfloating objects and have been known to follow boats. You will usually find aschool of them underneath a bunch of floating Sargasso. They are bright greenishblue above, and yellow on its sides. All over the sides of their bodies theyhave Irregular blue or golden blotches. They have the capability of flashingpurple, chartreuse, and a wide range of other colors. Their body tapers sharplyfrom head to tail. The profile of an adult males head is nearly vertical and thehead of a female is more sloping and rounded. Single dark dorsal fin from justhead to tail. They have about 65 rays extending down their back. The bad thingabout this fish when you go fishing for it, the color nearly instantaneouslyfades when the fish is decked. So you cant really enjoy the beautifulcoloration of the fish. They usually live for 2-3 years. So the mature very fastafter they are born. Dolphin fish is a very good exotic food. The actual food isusually known as Mahi- Mahi which is the Hawaiian name for the fish. This is agreat tasting fish and is not that expensive but is not an every day thing. Theflesh is very white and mild, ideal for broiling, too good to waste in a fryingpan. You can usually find it in sandwiches or on BBQ as a steak. It is a higherquality fish. Good fishing fish for deep-sea fishing. I have fished for Dolphinbefore and I highly recommend it.