Thursday, October 31, 2019

Benetton Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benetton - Speech or Presentation Example For example that of children working in developing nations at a construction location. The young people constitute a large part of Benetton’s group of customers. As the company foresees, young people have a major amount of income that they are ready to spend on its products. Thus, they have been termed as the generation â€Å"X.† (Rectanus, 2002). The generation is made up of persons between the ages of 16 and 27 (Rectanus, 2002). The reason being they are more connected with the media, which Benetton uses to sell its products. They also have the sense aspect of style that comes with most of its products. This generation also makes up the youth, ages 10 to 24. It is worthy to note that the youth make up 29 % and 19 % of the population in developing and developed countries respectively (Mueller, 2011). Hence, majority of its youth customers are in the middle social class in developed and developing nations. The amount of income that is generated from the youth is considerable bearing in mind the youth in the world are said to have the ability to spend US $100 billion. Thus its sales amount to more than $2 billion from the youth (Information Resources Management Association, 1994). In order to get to maximally market its products to the youth, it has to ensure its technological features are strong as the youth are becoming more and more reliant on technology. Hence, it has to be a step ahead technologically. Benetton utilises computer facilities of high technology to design and cut the attire it produces. The machines it uses are connected to the micro-computers that use the CAD-CAM software. The company has what is normally termed as the Benetton system. The system ensures that there is an intricate network in place for quick product delivery to shops around the globe. The system made up of the information systems and the company is run as whole from the company; hence, the company is known as

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

Internet Censorship Essay Introduction Censorship had always been a subject of debate among those who want media to be censored and those who feel that censorship is a violation of the freedom of speech. The internet has not escaped the issue of censorship. The internet is an information highway and no other form of media is as pervasive and far reaching. Those who favor censoring the internet feels that there should be some form of protection for minors and all people from viewing offensive materials on the internet while those who are against it believes that people should be given the right to choose what to view or not as stated in the first amendment. This paper discusses the arguments for the need to censor the internet and why it should not be censored. Background With the observed prevalence of indecent language and obscene pictures in the internet, groups and organizations have called on for the censorship of the internet. The government’s response to this call was the Communications Decency Act of 1996 which was passed into law by the United States Congress; the act would regulate the forms of speech in the internet (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The law was seen by pro-censorship groups as a way of minimizing immoral content in the internet which might have contributed to the moral degeneration of our society (Qazi, 1996). A year after, the Supreme Court ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional and in turn protected the first amendment (EPIC, 2002). The victory of the free speech proponents over the CDA was short lived, in 1998; the Child Online Protection Act was signed into law by President Clinton which in essence took after the CDA. The COPA mandated criminal penalties for commercially distributing materials harmful to minors including indecent speech (EPIC, 2004). The enactment of COPA again resulted to heated debates and protests over the unconstitutionality of the law, and the free speech protesters were not disappointed. In 2004, after a series of Supreme Court ruling against the COPA, it maintained the injunction on the enforcement of the law. Communications Decency Act of 1996 The President signed the Communications Decency Act into law in January 1996; the act criminalizes indecent speech on the internet. The act identifies that speech depicting sexual organs and acts, excretory organs and acts in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards as indecent speech (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The dubious and vague definition of indecency and the standards by which a word (pure text) is judged to be obscene have made the act questionable. In fact, the CDA was met with violent reactions because it proved to be too restrictive and did not account for situations wherein sexually explicit words have to be used but has scientific, literary, artistic or political values. The act also stated that indecency will be judged based on it being patently offensive, which in practice allows a jury to judge the material as indecent based on how they feel about it, regardless of its scientific, literary or artistic value. Moreover, it also permitted the community to determine the standards by which indecency can be measured. This is unrealistic, for every community or state has its own cultural standards and asking people to use words or materials that are acceptable to each community means restricting speech to the most conservative standards. On the other hand, the Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families and the Family Research Council, who are pro-CDA argue that the CDA does not infringe upon the first amendment. The act accordingly updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws and that it requires adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to place blinders on their pornography. Further, they point out that what is indecent is well known to the general public and the mass media and that the court should re-interpret the law to be applied only to prurient pornography (McCullagh, 1996). The Supreme Court easily ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional due to the fact that the act tries to restrict content and this is in direct violation of the first amendment. Child Online Protection Act of 1998 The Child Online Protection Act is another effort to censor the content of the internet. It is different from the CDA in that it specifies that children should be protected from harmful language and materials made available in the internet. Thus violators will be subjected to steep fines and prison terms. As with the case with the CDA the COPA also is judged to be too restrictive. It mandates that all material or written text in the internet be acceptable to children, thus it would mean that the content of the internet is limited to children only. In this respect the act states that identifying data should be provided by adults like credit cards to determine their age, but is also discriminatory to those adults who do not have credit cards. Thus the act again is a threat to the freedom of speech that is a fundamental and basic right to each human being. The Supreme Court also finds the act unconstitutional and even after a series of appeals and injunctions; it has maintained that the act cannot be enforced into law. Meanwhile, those who endorse the COPA articulate that the act is dissimilar from the CDA because it applies to commercial pornographic sites. In an attempt to refute the arguments of those against the COPA, the pro groups reiterate that it is economically and technically feasible for the identified sites to check for the age of the surfers and that defining what is harmful to minors is not vague and complicated and can easily be implemented by the states (Macavinta, 1999). They feel that the COPA is needed at this time and age because of the necessity of protecting our children from being corrupted by harmful materials in the internet that may be a cause for abuse and exploitation (Macavinta, 1998). Conclusions Efforts to censor the internet have failed because as an interactive medium it is a vehicle for the expression of man’s freedom of speech. Any attempt by the government to restrict it is a violation of the fundamental human rights of each individual in this democratic country. But the justification for the need of a law to protect children from pornography and violent materials in any form is undeniably valid and should be also be respected. The Supreme Court has also supported the free speech groups in their fight against censorship and is undeniably a champion of the first amendment, but it does not mean that the SC do not give due importance to children’s welfare and safety but striking a balance between the freedom of speech and censorship is a difficult battle to win. Bibliography Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ Internet Censorship (February 1, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, RetrievedApril 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/censorship/ Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn Macavinta, C. (1999). DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge: The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html#6 The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm Notes: Actual Materials Cited †¢ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www.spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm What threats of censorship exist for the Internet? The principal threat of Internet censorship today is the Communications Decency Act, a law passed by Congress and signed by the President in January, 1996 which would apply quite radical regulations to speech on the Internet. What is the Communications Decency Act (CDA)? The CDA criminalizes indecent speech on the Internet. One section of the CDA defines indecency as speech depicting or describing sexual or excretory acts or organs in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards. Each of these clausesindecent, depicting or describing, patently offensive, and contemporary community standardshides a landmine threatening the future of freedom of speech in this country. †¢ Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ In a landmark decision issued on June 26,1997, the Supreme Court held that the Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendments guarantee of freedom of speech. †¢ The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ In October 1998, Congress passed and President Clinton signed into law the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), the sequel to CDA. COPA establishes criminal penalties for any commercial distribution of material harmful to minors. †¢ McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge: The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html. The arguments advanced in the brief a joint venture of Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the Family Research Council, Enough is Enough! , and the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families center around one concept: indecency means pornography. That idea stinks like, well, a rotten egg. Their argument, which mirrors the DoJs, goes as follows: 1. The CDA merely updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws. 2. All the CDA does is require adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to put electronic blinder racks in front of their pornography. 3. The test for indecency is not vague or overbroad and does not apply to serious works of literature, art, science, and politics. 4. What is indecent is well known to the public and the operators of mass communications media facilities. (If indecency is too vague, the CDA is unconstitutional. ) 5. The court has an obligation to interpret these sections narrowly. That is, the three-judge panel should *reinterpret* the CDA to affect only prurient pornography. Taylor calls this judicial narrowing, and when I spoke with him he insisted that it was what the court will do. †¢ Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn The law simply extends into cyberspace laws that protect children from pornography off the Net, Shyla Welch, director of communication for Enough is Enough, which lobbied for the legislation, said today. †¢ Macavinta, C. (1999). DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news.com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html Proponents of COPA say it is different from the CDA in that it only applies to sites selling pornography. Witnesses will testify today that it is economically and technically feasible for these sites to check surfers IDs through credit cards, adult PINs, or digital signatures. Justice Department witnesses will testify that Web sites will not be harmed financially by the lawand that defining harmful to minors is not as complicated as the ACLU makes it out to be. After all, 48 states have harmful to minors laws on the books, they will argue. †¢ Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html#6 Both public and private interest groups have shown great concern for the content of material available via the Internet. They are driven by deeply rooted religious and ethical beliefs. They feel that the Internet is a medium that is being abused to allow extremists, unethical, and immoral individuals to corrupt society.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

SWOT Analysis Manchester United

SWOT Analysis Manchester United Introduction The football industry in United Kingdom is booming and outwardly been successful in the past years. The research and strategic planing will be based on the case of Manchester United, one of the most famous and successful football clubs in the country. Due to this, the data acquired from the official website will be used as the basis and the analytical tool in examining the capacity of the company.The basic study on this report is based on Manchester United FCs internal and external environment factor. Critical Success Factor The main aspects of Critical Success Factors is based on 5 key sources there are understanding the industry, good competitive strategy and industry position, understanding the environment factors and good managerial position. Due to these 5 key the company should be success in its industry. MU is very success club in Barclay Premier league and the report is about the analysis why MU has success in its football industry. Porter Five Forces Competitive Analysis Suppliers The major component of a football club is the football team itself. The football team is made up of a variety of players with different skills, for example defenders, midfielders, attackers and the goalkeeper. These players are purchased from other clubs in the UK and around the world. The major problem here is that a club pays unreasonable sums of money for a player who is currently under contract with another club. Players can allow their contracts to pass and transfer free to another club but since they receive a proportion of the transfer fee, and so does the owning club, it is not really in their interests to do so. Thus, many clubs try to nurture their own talent by training young hopefuls and carefully talent scouting at other clubs. MU has its own academic to train for their potential and younger player to join their club there as well. Buyers Freely includes sponsors and television companies who provide the club with the revenue to purchase quality players. Football clubs try to tie in sponsors with long-term contracts and must ensure that the sponsor they pick has a similar consumer profile to the one that they have. There should be overlap between the supporter profile and the consumers that the sponsor wishes to communicate with. Buyers also include the football match attendees. These break down into occasional supporters, season ticket holders and frequent supporters. It is important that a club try to build on the loyalty of their supporters by providing more loyal fans with an enhanced package of benefits, for example season ticket holders get cheaper tickets and a discount on merchandise. Entry barriers Popular football clubs require large stadia. These are extensive and expensive service scapes both to develop and maintain. The cost of acquiring strong new players is also considerable. The ownership of football clubs is also regulated and media owners are not allowed to own more than a 10% share in any football club in the UK. The cost of setting up a football club is prohibitive and it seems that only the wealthiest of entrepreneurs and entertainers can afford the luxury of being a chief executive of a popular football club. The entry barriers could be lowered by purchasing land and building a stadium in a relatively cheap region, however, this strategy is often not viable because fans support their local or regional club and so the location becomes particularly important. Substitutes perhaps the closest substitute to watching a match live (revenue goes directly to club) is to watch the highlights or the full match on TV (revenue goes to television company and indirectly a proportion goes to the club). Where a club has a large fan base spread out over a disparate geographical region, the club might wish to offer its own TV station or Internet or mobile match news services. Competitive rivalry Other clubs represent the closest rivals and usually a fans loyalty to a particular club is intense. However, the author believes it is a myth that fans will never change loyalty to another club. They often do, particularly when they move to another region of the country or they cannot get in at their current club because of lack of space, prohibitive prices, and so on. The football game is also organised so that clubs need to beat each other in order to advance up the league tables. This generates a fierce loyalty amongst fans and a rivalry that is part of the enjoyment of football spectatorship. Reinforcement of this loyalty and the management of fans hopes and expectations is of paramount importance to a football club. Internal and External Environment Factor Analysis (SWOT analysis) (S)trengths The main strength of Manchester United is their brand awareness, Manchester United is outstandingly recognized worldwide, and if advertised as the general team with international sponsors. As a result, implies that any merchandise that they locate in the market, with the team name and emblem will be straight away recognized by their fans which could get there to a million. Besides that, Manchester United is having the great fan loyalty, ticket sales is also considered as strength for Manchester United, as there is a big waiting list for passes for every match, and with the new expanded arena, the income of ticket sales is bound to increase over the coming years. However, this is not the sole source of income for Manchester United and products are still required to be taken into account as the major part of total revenue by its retail store. The loyalty of the fans also is the main edge of the Manchester United against competitors, and this is due to the strong reputation of the Manchester United. Moreover, the company is also performance strong marketing effort towards their supporters by sending their prospect and loyal supporters their newsletters regarding the different activities and events in the company. Manchester United similarly possesses great distribution channels with various retail stores worldwide. This will be very helpful when introduci ng their new products. As these familiar connections are previously prepared, Manchester United have to guarantee that they are employing these channels to the full capability, and that these links for transmission can be engaged to feedback data in addition to flow out of the products. (W)eaknesses The main weakness that has been defined based on their website is their products and product variety. It is obvious that they have launched a lot of different products at many different occasions. There is an issue although whether the fans were consulted in this context. It looks like that MU has introduced a broad diversity of products from jerseys to Credit Cards. MU has been recommended that the club has merely exploited the more obvious income channels, and thus money-wise it would be more precious to perform more research in this field. The club obviously requires looking into their existing product collection and from this, they will be capable of situating their products, employing instruments like the Boston Matrix, and it will let the club to know which of their products are booming in the market. It is noticeable that even though the present products are selling well, this is a field where there will continually be a space for development, to suit their fans prerequisites in a profitable manner for the club. Another weakness for Manchester United is that currently, the club has been so thriving, and it is now working on such a massive level, there is a upsetting estimation that the club has now lost its origins, and it is no longer concerned with the game of football, but all about their profit or income. Unnecessary outlooks such as this can have a negative effect on the fans. Even though as long as Manchester United carries on performing well, this may not bring about too much worry for the club, as it has worldwide support; nevertheless, it is still required to be taken into account. (O)pportunities The main opportunity for Manchester United at the moment is the penetration to the American market. There is an opportunity in the proximate future to structure the coalition with one of the worlds most well-off team in sports, the New York Yankees. This will signal enormous merchandise channels in America, and provide Manchester United the lead over all other Football teams in the American context, presenting their product to a new market. Even though there is a superior height of risk concerned in tendering their products over to the US, then entering the existing market, by reason of the coalition with the Yankees, this danger is condensed. (T)hreats Manchester United is in a exceptionally firm site, as they have no direct dangers from any players in the industry. The most important threats that must be measured by the company are the growth or development of their competitors. This can occur if one of their rivals or new entrants had determined and figured out that the use of their Internet for their processes will result to competitive advantage. Due to this, there is a huge breach connecting Manchester United and the following strongest competitor. However, there are a number of dangers to Manchester United that has to be taken into account. Another threat to Manchester United at present is the Change of leadership in the team. Manchester United is required to promise that this will not affect the sales of its merchandise. Another less direct threat to Manchester United is lacking finances put into academies and junior football, from where potential players would initiate. However, Manchester United has used up in a football a cademy to train potential football players. Resources and Competences Threshold Resources Manchester United has a variety of Threshold Resources. Such as their stadium Old Trafford which can have around 75000 spectator to be seating in. Mu also have a huge worldwide of retail stores and Megastore to sell their product such as cloth, shoe, equipment and other which is related to the Red Devil or MU. Besides that, MU owns the Red Cafà © where their fans and customer can be enjoy food, matches and face-to-face showing wall with MUs non-stop action. MU has variety of staff line such as first team for matches, academic, coaching staff and ticketing as well. Besides that, MU financial is stable and the strong sponsor AIG on of the biggest insurance company of the world. Unique Resources MU owns a Museum which is show the greatest football club history of MUs. MU is managed by its manager Alex Ferguson for 24 years and he is the most successful manager of British football industry. Besides that, MU also has a range of value players such as Ryan Giggs, RIO Ferdinand, and Wayne Rooney and so on. Other than that, the product of MU is Unique as well like MU jersey, sport shoe and others. The strong fans club also 1 of their unique resource as well. Threshold Competences The Old Stafford stadium is the biggest stadium among all football clubs in UK. Therefore, there are more spectators can be sitting in and the revenue is higher than other football club. Besides that, the Museum is also unique for its club there is only showing of MU history and it can be an advertising method to attract more fan and consumers to purchase in. Besides that, it is not a advertising that MU paying for, instead the consumers will pay for a tour for it. Beside that, the Wider network of distributor of its retail store and megastore than others. Conclusion Manchester United is in a very competitive spot at present, nonetheless they require to be cautious that they are not getting self-satisfied and that they are focusing on the market, and the requirements of their clients and followers. By implementing the research into their markets, it will allow them to build up products for the clients, which will bring about sustained

Friday, October 25, 2019

Superconductivity and Superconductors :: Physics Physical Essays

Superconductivity and Superconductors ABSTRACT Superconductivity allows current to pass through a material with no resistive losses at near absolute zero temperatures. It also exhibits the Meissner effect which causes the superconducting material to repel magnetic fields. The application of this technology has been extremely limited due to the prohibitive costs of using Helium to cool the material to the critical temperatures. Recently, however, new ceramic materials were discovered which exhibit superconductive properties at higher temperatures which can be reached using cheaper liquid Nitrogen cooling. Applications have immediately expanded and are expected to become amazing in the near future as scientists search for a room temperature superconductor. ORIGINS Superconductivity is the passing of electricity through conductors with no loss of power (Graham 17).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Goblin Market/Symbolism

Symbols in this poem vary from the use of fruits, the moon, flowers, sisterhood, money and water. Firstly, even though, the title of the poem: Goblin Market seems self-explanatory, as we can instantly assume that this poem is about a fruit-market which is run by goblins this sounds like it's a poem which sounds like a fairy-tale/fantasy or maybe a story which focuses on little kids. Although, it is strongly argued against that this Is not a story aimed at kids as most of the sexy-stuff which appends In the poem Is Implied, rather than It being explicitly described.This is because most lines are almost ‘ludicrously-erotic' thereby It cannot be said that this Is suitable for It being aimed at young children/SLD. So we can Infer that this title Is very deceptive as there Is a lot more going on under the surface of the Image of a fruit-market. Furthermore. The title Is very deceptive to the readers as from the title we are only told that the poem is about a market but we aren't giv en much detail on hat type of market it is and what is being sold by the goblins.The underlining deception of this poem is that this poem is about the Victorian ‘marriage-market' which is a term referred to the underhand manipulations many men and women undergo in order to marry and move up the hierarchy in society. The symbolism of fruit in this poem is that it symbolizes the temptation which is openly displayed in society. Alternatively, it could also be said that it is a metaphor for sex and because it's being advertised everywhere it is being perceived as a product which can be ought.This refers back to the fruit being a huge temptation as the ;fruit' Is a given object used In the poem to describe people who have been tempted and given Into temptation. Rosettes states, In the poem In line 406-407: â€Å"Held her hands and squeezed their fruits, against her mouth to make her eat†. This is an intense imagery being portrayed in the poem as the Goblins have pinned Lassi e's hand and are now trying to force-feed her, the juice of the ‘fruit'.This thereby, can be argued that the rut' is not in fact the actual fruit but instead it is a figure of speech which is being used to describe the action of the intense image of violence and rape. Alternatively, the use of the flowers in the poem symbolizes the fragile purity of women who haven't been married yet and have not given into temptation of those goblin fruit. However, in reality it is known that flowers can be ‘plucked' so in a sense this can represent the loss of purity from those individuals. The loss of purity can therefore indicate that the women have given Into temptation of the goblin fruit.Evidence of this Is given In the poem as Rosettes states In line 150-151: â€Å"ate their fruits and wore their flowers, Plucked from bowers† the use of the word ‘bower' can have multiple meanings as it can either be read to be a shady part of a garden or it is also used for suggested the loss of virginity when it says that the flower' has been ‘plucked' from a ‘bower' Furthermore, this poem primarily focuses on female heroism and sisterhood as the main characters- Laura and Leslie- are both living in a fantasy parallel universe with a distinct lack of human contact with men.So thereby, we can read the poem by closely understanding the relationship and bond these 2 sisters have. Rosettes states in the poem â€Å"for there is no friend like a sister†, this quote represents sisterhood as it infers that Laura and Leslie will always be there for each other and also it was with the help of Leslie that Laura was able to live a normal life after she had still given into temptation. This was purely because of the fact that she was lucky enough to have a sister to redeem herself from being a similar tragedy like the character of Jeannie.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Holes Book Review: Themes Within the Novel Essay

Twist of fate play major roles in the lives of the main characters in Holes. In â€Å"Holes†, the whole story is based around Stanley’s situation in the present and it’s connection to the past. Stanley’s bad luck is the result of his â€Å" No good rotten-pig- stealing-great-great-grandfather,† who failed to fulfill his promise of carrying Madame Zeroni up the mountain where the stream runs uphill. His situation at Camp Green Lake was connected to the history of ‘Kissin’ Kate Barlow, a schoolteacher turned bandit who robbed his great-grandfather and buried her treasure somewhere on the lake. The boys are forced to dig holes because of this and the person overseeing them is the Warden, who is the granddaughter of Mr. Charles Walker who was, in a way, responsible for Kate Barlow’s death. Stanley meeting Zero, Zero turning out to be Madame Zeroni’s great-great-great-grandson and Stanley helping to carry him up God’s thumb was not a coincidence, but it was fate that brought them together so they could complete the cycle and end Stanley’s curse. Fate has the power to alter lives and change them into a game of chance. The actions of one’s past may affect the situation of one’s future and therefore I agree that fate had played a major role in the novel. In the story, one of the themes are to always respect ones promises and to fulfill them or you had to face the consequences. This is shown when Elya Yelnats does not fulfill his promise to Madame Zeroni and soon after, pays the price. In the novel, Madame Zeroni warns Elya â€Å" That if he failed to do so, he would be cursed for eternity.† And at the time â€Å"†¦he thought nothing of the curse and as a boy he was carefree.† This shows that all people should fulfill their promises so we do not suffer the consequences. This positions the readers to feel sorry for Stanley because the actions of his great-great-grandfather has affected Stanley’s life even if he has done nothing. Stanley’s destiny is explained throughout the novel, because there are many clues, which point towards his destiny and the situations, which lead to the present. When Zero tells Stanley that his named was Hector Zeroni or how his great grandfather found refuge under God’s thumb and it’s relation to the mountains at Camp Green Lake because they provide a connection to Stanley’s past and destiny. This explains the situation to the reader and provides insight to the storyline. Fate plays a major part in the story because it intertwines both the past and the present, giving a connection between Stanley and his great-great-grandfather. This is shown throughout the story because all the problems Stanley faces in the present situation is caused by certain situations which his family was connected to by fate. For example, such scenes like Stanley Yelnats the 1st was robbed by Kate Barlow and her treasure being his suitcase, which Stanley digs up in the end of the book. This shown that the events of ones past may affect ones future. This positions the readers to feel pity for Stanley because he does not know the bigger picture happening to him. Friendship plays a key role in Stanley’s fate as he becomes friends with Zero during his stay at Camp Green Lake and this disrupts X-ray’s sense of superiority and threatens his position of power at camp. The friendship is beneficial for Stanley at the start and the end of the novel because by becoming friends and carrying him up the mountain, Stanley finally breaks his families curse. Stanley carrying Zero up the mountain shows us the true meaning of friendship. This positions the reader to connect to the characters at a human level. In the novel, the story tells us the importance of keeping a promise, having a strong friendship, of destiny and it’s connection to the past and that fate always plays a major role in any situation. Nothing is ever a coincidence and all the events in the novel are linked to Stanley’s history, which affected his present situation. All this could have been avoided if Elya Yelnats have had more common sense and if he had been more mature.